Linux-mm Archive mirror
 help / color / mirror / Atom feed
From: Michael Roth <michael.roth@amd.com>
To: <kvm@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: <linux-coco@lists.linux.dev>, <linux-mm@kvack.org>,
	<linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org>, <x86@kernel.org>,
	<linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>, <tglx@linutronix.de>,
	<mingo@redhat.com>, <jroedel@suse.de>, <thomas.lendacky@amd.com>,
	<hpa@zytor.com>, <ardb@kernel.org>, <pbonzini@redhat.com>,
	<seanjc@google.com>, <vkuznets@redhat.com>, <jmattson@google.com>,
	<luto@kernel.org>, <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>,
	<slp@redhat.com>, <pgonda@google.com>, <peterz@infradead.org>,
	<srinivas.pandruvada@linux.intel.com>, <rientjes@google.com>,
	<dovmurik@linux.ibm.com>, <tobin@ibm.com>, <bp@alien8.de>,
	<vbabka@suse.cz>, <kirill@shutemov.name>, <ak@linux.intel.com>,
	<tony.luck@intel.com>,
	<sathyanarayanan.kuppuswamy@linux.intel.com>,
	<alpergun@google.com>, <jarkko@kernel.org>,
	<ashish.kalra@amd.com>, <nikunj.dadhania@amd.com>,
	<pankaj.gupta@amd.com>, <liam.merwick@oracle.com>,
	Brijesh Singh <brijesh.singh@amd.com>
Subject: [PATCH v15 05/20] KVM: SEV: Add KVM_SEV_SNP_LAUNCH_START command
Date: Wed, 1 May 2024 03:51:55 -0500	[thread overview]
Message-ID: <20240501085210.2213060-6-michael.roth@amd.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20240501085210.2213060-1-michael.roth@amd.com>

From: Brijesh Singh <brijesh.singh@amd.com>

KVM_SEV_SNP_LAUNCH_START begins the launch process for an SEV-SNP guest.
The command initializes a cryptographic digest context used to construct
the measurement of the guest. Other commands can then at that point be
used to load/encrypt data into the guest's initial launch image.

For more information see the SEV-SNP specification.

Signed-off-by: Brijesh Singh <brijesh.singh@amd.com>
Co-developed-by: Michael Roth <michael.roth@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Roth <michael.roth@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Ashish Kalra <ashish.kalra@amd.com>
---
 .../virt/kvm/x86/amd-memory-encryption.rst    |  28 ++-
 arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/kvm.h               |  11 ++
 arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c                        | 176 +++++++++++++++++-
 arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h                        |   1 +
 4 files changed, 212 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/virt/kvm/x86/amd-memory-encryption.rst b/Documentation/virt/kvm/x86/amd-memory-encryption.rst
index 9677a0714a39..dd179e162a87 100644
--- a/Documentation/virt/kvm/x86/amd-memory-encryption.rst
+++ b/Documentation/virt/kvm/x86/amd-memory-encryption.rst
@@ -466,6 +466,30 @@ issued by the hypervisor to make the guest ready for execution.
 
 Returns: 0 on success, -negative on error
 
+18. KVM_SEV_SNP_LAUNCH_START
+----------------------------
+
+The KVM_SNP_LAUNCH_START command is used for creating the memory encryption
+context for the SEV-SNP guest. It must be called prior to issuing
+KVM_SEV_SNP_LAUNCH_UPDATE or KVM_SEV_SNP_LAUNCH_FINISH;
+
+Parameters (in): struct  kvm_sev_snp_launch_start
+
+Returns: 0 on success, -negative on error
+
+::
+
+        struct kvm_sev_snp_launch_start {
+                __u64 policy;           /* Guest policy to use. */
+                __u8 gosvw[16];         /* Guest OS visible workarounds. */
+                __u16 flags;            /* Must be zero. */
+                __u8 pad0[6];
+                __u64 pad1[4];
+        };
+
+See SNP_LAUNCH_START in the SEV-SNP specification [snp-fw-abi]_ for further
+details on the input parameters in ``struct kvm_sev_snp_launch_start``.
+
 Device attribute API
 ====================
 
@@ -497,9 +521,11 @@ References
 ==========
 
 
-See [white-paper]_, [api-spec]_, [amd-apm]_ and [kvm-forum]_ for more info.
+See [white-paper]_, [api-spec]_, [amd-apm]_, [kvm-forum]_, and [snp-fw-abi]_
+for more info.
 
 .. [white-paper] https://developer.amd.com/wordpress/media/2013/12/AMD_Memory_Encryption_Whitepaper_v7-Public.pdf
 .. [api-spec] https://support.amd.com/TechDocs/55766_SEV-KM_API_Specification.pdf
 .. [amd-apm] https://support.amd.com/TechDocs/24593.pdf (section 15.34)
 .. [kvm-forum]  https://www.linux-kvm.org/images/7/74/02x08A-Thomas_Lendacky-AMDs_Virtualizatoin_Memory_Encryption_Technology.pdf
+.. [snp-fw-abi] https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/56860.pdf
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/kvm.h b/arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/kvm.h
index d2ae5fcc0275..693a80ffe40a 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/kvm.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/kvm.h
@@ -697,6 +697,9 @@ enum sev_cmd_id {
 	/* Second time is the charm; improved versions of the above ioctls.  */
 	KVM_SEV_INIT2,
 
+	/* SNP-specific commands */
+	KVM_SEV_SNP_LAUNCH_START = 100,
+
 	KVM_SEV_NR_MAX,
 };
 
@@ -824,6 +827,14 @@ struct kvm_sev_receive_update_data {
 	__u32 pad2;
 };
 
+struct kvm_sev_snp_launch_start {
+	__u64 policy;
+	__u8 gosvw[16];
+	__u16 flags;
+	__u8 pad0[6];
+	__u64 pad1[4];
+};
+
 #define KVM_X2APIC_API_USE_32BIT_IDS            (1ULL << 0)
 #define KVM_X2APIC_API_DISABLE_BROADCAST_QUIRK  (1ULL << 1)
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c
index be831e2c06eb..4676ce171aaa 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/sev.c
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include <asm/fpu/xcr.h>
 #include <asm/fpu/xstate.h>
 #include <asm/debugreg.h>
+#include <asm/sev.h>
 
 #include "mmu.h"
 #include "x86.h"
@@ -59,6 +60,21 @@ static u64 sev_supported_vmsa_features;
 #define AP_RESET_HOLD_NAE_EVENT		1
 #define AP_RESET_HOLD_MSR_PROTO		2
 
+/* As defined by SEV-SNP Firmware ABI, under "Guest Policy". */
+#define SNP_POLICY_MASK_API_MINOR	GENMASK_ULL(7, 0)
+#define SNP_POLICY_MASK_API_MAJOR	GENMASK_ULL(15, 8)
+#define SNP_POLICY_MASK_SMT		BIT_ULL(16)
+#define SNP_POLICY_MASK_RSVD_MBO	BIT_ULL(17)
+#define SNP_POLICY_MASK_DEBUG		BIT_ULL(19)
+#define SNP_POLICY_MASK_SINGLE_SOCKET	BIT_ULL(20)
+
+#define SNP_POLICY_MASK_VALID		(SNP_POLICY_MASK_API_MINOR	| \
+					 SNP_POLICY_MASK_API_MAJOR	| \
+					 SNP_POLICY_MASK_SMT		| \
+					 SNP_POLICY_MASK_RSVD_MBO	| \
+					 SNP_POLICY_MASK_DEBUG		| \
+					 SNP_POLICY_MASK_SINGLE_SOCKET)
+
 static u8 sev_enc_bit;
 static DECLARE_RWSEM(sev_deactivate_lock);
 static DEFINE_MUTEX(sev_bitmap_lock);
@@ -69,6 +85,8 @@ static unsigned int nr_asids;
 static unsigned long *sev_asid_bitmap;
 static unsigned long *sev_reclaim_asid_bitmap;
 
+static int snp_decommission_context(struct kvm *kvm);
+
 struct enc_region {
 	struct list_head list;
 	unsigned long npages;
@@ -95,12 +113,17 @@ static int sev_flush_asids(unsigned int min_asid, unsigned int max_asid)
 	down_write(&sev_deactivate_lock);
 
 	wbinvd_on_all_cpus();
-	ret = sev_guest_df_flush(&error);
+
+	if (sev_snp_enabled)
+		ret = sev_do_cmd(SEV_CMD_SNP_DF_FLUSH, NULL, &error);
+	else
+		ret = sev_guest_df_flush(&error);
 
 	up_write(&sev_deactivate_lock);
 
 	if (ret)
-		pr_err("SEV: DF_FLUSH failed, ret=%d, error=%#x\n", ret, error);
+		pr_err("SEV%s: DF_FLUSH failed, ret=%d, error=%#x\n",
+		       sev_snp_enabled ? "-SNP" : "", ret, error);
 
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -1998,6 +2021,106 @@ int sev_dev_get_attr(u32 group, u64 attr, u64 *val)
 	}
 }
 
+/*
+ * The guest context contains all the information, keys and metadata
+ * associated with the guest that the firmware tracks to implement SEV
+ * and SNP features. The firmware stores the guest context in hypervisor
+ * provide page via the SNP_GCTX_CREATE command.
+ */
+static void *snp_context_create(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_sev_cmd *argp)
+{
+	struct sev_data_snp_addr data = {};
+	void *context;
+	int rc;
+
+	/* Allocate memory for context page */
+	context = snp_alloc_firmware_page(GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
+	if (!context)
+		return NULL;
+
+	data.address = __psp_pa(context);
+	rc = __sev_issue_cmd(argp->sev_fd, SEV_CMD_SNP_GCTX_CREATE, &data, &argp->error);
+	if (rc) {
+		pr_warn("Failed to create SEV-SNP context, rc %d fw_error %d",
+			rc, argp->error);
+		snp_free_firmware_page(context);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return context;
+}
+
+static int snp_bind_asid(struct kvm *kvm, int *error)
+{
+	struct kvm_sev_info *sev = &to_kvm_svm(kvm)->sev_info;
+	struct sev_data_snp_activate data = {0};
+
+	data.gctx_paddr = __psp_pa(sev->snp_context);
+	data.asid = sev_get_asid(kvm);
+	return sev_issue_cmd(kvm, SEV_CMD_SNP_ACTIVATE, &data, error);
+}
+
+static int snp_launch_start(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_sev_cmd *argp)
+{
+	struct kvm_sev_info *sev = &to_kvm_svm(kvm)->sev_info;
+	struct sev_data_snp_launch_start start = {0};
+	struct kvm_sev_snp_launch_start params;
+	int rc;
+
+	if (!sev_snp_guest(kvm))
+		return -ENOTTY;
+
+	if (copy_from_user(&params, u64_to_user_ptr(argp->data), sizeof(params)))
+		return -EFAULT;
+
+	/* Don't allow userspace to allocate memory for more than 1 SNP context. */
+	if (sev->snp_context)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	sev->snp_context = snp_context_create(kvm, argp);
+	if (!sev->snp_context)
+		return -ENOTTY;
+
+	if (params.flags)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (params.policy & ~SNP_POLICY_MASK_VALID)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* Check for policy bits that must be set */
+	if (!(params.policy & SNP_POLICY_MASK_RSVD_MBO) ||
+	    !(params.policy & SNP_POLICY_MASK_SMT))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (params.policy & SNP_POLICY_MASK_SINGLE_SOCKET)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	start.gctx_paddr = __psp_pa(sev->snp_context);
+	start.policy = params.policy;
+	memcpy(start.gosvw, params.gosvw, sizeof(params.gosvw));
+	rc = __sev_issue_cmd(argp->sev_fd, SEV_CMD_SNP_LAUNCH_START, &start, &argp->error);
+	if (rc) {
+		pr_debug("%s: SEV_CMD_SNP_LAUNCH_START firmware command failed, rc %d\n",
+			 __func__, rc);
+		goto e_free_context;
+	}
+
+	sev->fd = argp->sev_fd;
+	rc = snp_bind_asid(kvm, &argp->error);
+	if (rc) {
+		pr_debug("%s: Failed to bind ASID to SEV-SNP context, rc %d\n",
+			 __func__, rc);
+		goto e_free_context;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+
+e_free_context:
+	snp_decommission_context(kvm);
+
+	return rc;
+}
+
 int sev_mem_enc_ioctl(struct kvm *kvm, void __user *argp)
 {
 	struct kvm_sev_cmd sev_cmd;
@@ -2021,6 +2144,15 @@ int sev_mem_enc_ioctl(struct kvm *kvm, void __user *argp)
 		goto out;
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Once KVM_SEV_INIT2 initializes a KVM instance as an SNP guest, only
+	 * allow the use of SNP-specific commands.
+	 */
+	if (sev_snp_guest(kvm) && sev_cmd.id < KVM_SEV_SNP_LAUNCH_START) {
+		r = -EPERM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
 	switch (sev_cmd.id) {
 	case KVM_SEV_ES_INIT:
 		if (!sev_es_enabled) {
@@ -2085,6 +2217,9 @@ int sev_mem_enc_ioctl(struct kvm *kvm, void __user *argp)
 	case KVM_SEV_RECEIVE_FINISH:
 		r = sev_receive_finish(kvm, &sev_cmd);
 		break;
+	case KVM_SEV_SNP_LAUNCH_START:
+		r = snp_launch_start(kvm, &sev_cmd);
+		break;
 	default:
 		r = -EINVAL;
 		goto out;
@@ -2280,6 +2415,31 @@ int sev_vm_copy_enc_context_from(struct kvm *kvm, unsigned int source_fd)
 	return ret;
 }
 
+static int snp_decommission_context(struct kvm *kvm)
+{
+	struct kvm_sev_info *sev = &to_kvm_svm(kvm)->sev_info;
+	struct sev_data_snp_addr data = {};
+	int ret;
+
+	/* If context is not created then do nothing */
+	if (!sev->snp_context)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Do the decommision, which will unbind the ASID from the SNP context */
+	data.address = __sme_pa(sev->snp_context);
+	down_write(&sev_deactivate_lock);
+	ret = sev_do_cmd(SEV_CMD_SNP_DECOMMISSION, &data, NULL);
+	up_write(&sev_deactivate_lock);
+
+	if (WARN_ONCE(ret, "Failed to release guest context, ret %d", ret))
+		return ret;
+
+	snp_free_firmware_page(sev->snp_context);
+	sev->snp_context = NULL;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 void sev_vm_destroy(struct kvm *kvm)
 {
 	struct kvm_sev_info *sev = &to_kvm_svm(kvm)->sev_info;
@@ -2321,7 +2481,17 @@ void sev_vm_destroy(struct kvm *kvm)
 		}
 	}
 
-	sev_unbind_asid(kvm, sev->handle);
+	if (sev_snp_guest(kvm)) {
+		/*
+		 * Decomission handles unbinding of the ASID. If it fails for
+		 * some unexpected reason, just leak the ASID.
+		 */
+		if (snp_decommission_context(kvm))
+			return;
+	} else {
+		sev_unbind_asid(kvm, sev->handle);
+	}
+
 	sev_asid_free(sev);
 }
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h
index 1407acf45a23..d175059fa7c8 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ struct kvm_sev_info {
 	struct list_head mirror_entry; /* Use as a list entry of mirrors */
 	struct misc_cg *misc_cg; /* For misc cgroup accounting */
 	atomic_t migration_in_progress;
+	void *snp_context;      /* SNP guest context page */
 };
 
 struct kvm_svm {
-- 
2.25.1



  parent reply	other threads:[~2024-05-01  9:08 UTC|newest]

Thread overview: 64+ messages / expand[flat|nested]  mbox.gz  Atom feed  top
2024-05-01  8:51 [PATCH v15 00/20] Add AMD Secure Nested Paging (SEV-SNP) Hypervisor Support Michael Roth
2024-05-01  8:51 ` [PATCH v15 01/20] Revert "KVM: x86: Add gmem hook for determining max NPT mapping level" Michael Roth
2024-05-01  8:51 ` [PATCH v15 02/20] KVM: x86: Add hook for determining max NPT mapping level Michael Roth
2024-05-02 23:11   ` Isaku Yamahata
2024-05-07 17:48   ` Paolo Bonzini
2024-05-01  8:51 ` [PATCH v15 03/20] KVM: SEV: Select KVM_GENERIC_PRIVATE_MEM when CONFIG_KVM_AMD_SEV=y Michael Roth
2024-05-01  8:51 ` [PATCH v15 04/20] KVM: SEV: Add initial SEV-SNP support Michael Roth
2024-05-01  8:51 ` Michael Roth [this message]
2024-05-01  8:51 ` [PATCH v15 06/20] KVM: SEV: Add KVM_SEV_SNP_LAUNCH_UPDATE command Michael Roth
2024-05-01  8:51 ` [PATCH v15 07/20] KVM: SEV: Add KVM_SEV_SNP_LAUNCH_FINISH command Michael Roth
2024-05-01  8:51 ` [PATCH v15 08/20] KVM: SEV: Add support to handle GHCB GPA register VMGEXIT Michael Roth
2024-05-01  8:51 ` [PATCH v15 09/20] KVM: SEV: Add support to handle MSR based Page State Change VMGEXIT Michael Roth
2024-05-16  8:28   ` Binbin Wu
2024-05-16 17:23     ` Paolo Bonzini
2024-05-21  0:49       ` Binbin Wu
2024-05-21 21:49         ` Michael Roth
2024-05-27 12:25           ` Binbin Wu
2024-05-28 10:39             ` Paolo Bonzini
2024-05-29 20:02               ` Sean Christopherson
2024-05-31  1:22                 ` Binbin Wu
2024-05-31 13:10                   ` Paolo Bonzini
2024-05-30 16:47           ` Zhi Wang
2024-05-01  8:52 ` [PATCH v15 10/20] KVM: SEV: Add support to handle " Michael Roth
2024-05-01  8:52 ` [PATCH v15 11/20] KVM: SEV: Add support to handle RMP nested page faults Michael Roth
2024-05-01  8:52 ` [PATCH v15 12/20] KVM: SEV: Support SEV-SNP AP Creation NAE event Michael Roth
2024-05-01  8:52 ` [PATCH v15 13/20] KVM: SEV: Implement gmem hook for initializing private pages Michael Roth
2024-05-20 10:16   ` Huang, Kai
2024-05-20 17:35     ` Sean Christopherson
2024-05-20 21:57       ` Huang, Kai
2024-05-20 23:15         ` Sean Christopherson
2024-05-20 23:41           ` Huang, Kai
2024-05-21  0:30             ` Sean Christopherson
2024-05-20 19:14     ` Isaku Yamahata
2024-05-01  8:52 ` [PATCH v15 14/20] KVM: SEV: Implement gmem hook for invalidating " Michael Roth
2024-05-01  8:52 ` [PATCH v15 15/20] KVM: x86: Implement hook for determining max NPT mapping level Michael Roth
2024-05-01  8:52 ` [PATCH v15 16/20] KVM: SEV: Avoid WBINVD for HVA-based MMU notifications for SNP Michael Roth
2024-05-01  8:52 ` [PATCH v15 17/20] KVM: SVM: Add module parameter to enable SEV-SNP Michael Roth
2024-05-01  8:52 ` [PATCH v15 18/20] KVM: SEV: Provide support for SNP_GUEST_REQUEST NAE event Michael Roth
2024-05-01  8:52 ` [PATCH v15 19/20] KVM: SEV: Provide support for SNP_EXTENDED_GUEST_REQUEST " Michael Roth
2024-05-13 23:48   ` Sean Christopherson
2024-05-14  2:51     ` Michael Roth
2024-05-14 14:36       ` Sean Christopherson
2024-05-15  1:25         ` [PATCH] KVM: SEV: Replace KVM_EXIT_VMGEXIT with KVM_EXIT_SNP_REQ_CERTS Michael Roth
2024-05-01  8:52 ` [PATCH v15 20/20] crypto: ccp: Add the SNP_VLEK_LOAD command Michael Roth
2024-05-07 18:04 ` [PATCH v15 00/20] Add AMD Secure Nested Paging (SEV-SNP) Hypervisor Support Paolo Bonzini
2024-05-07 18:14   ` Michael Roth
2024-05-10  2:34     ` Michael Roth
2024-05-10  1:58 ` [PATCH v15 21/23] KVM: MMU: Disable fast path for private memslots Michael Roth
2024-05-10  1:58   ` [PATCH v15 22/23] KVM: SEV: Fix return code interpretation for RMP nested page faults Michael Roth
2024-05-10 13:58     ` Sean Christopherson
2024-05-10 15:36       ` Michael Roth
2024-05-10 16:01       ` Paolo Bonzini
2024-05-10 16:37         ` Michael Roth
2024-05-10 16:59           ` Paolo Bonzini
2024-05-10 17:25             ` Paolo Bonzini
2024-05-14  8:10             ` Borislav Petkov
2024-05-10  1:58   ` [PATCH v15 23/23] KVM: SEV: Fix PSC handling for SMASH/UNSMASH and partial update ops Michael Roth
2024-05-10 17:09     ` Paolo Bonzini
2024-05-10 19:08       ` Michael Roth
2024-05-10 13:47   ` [PATCH v15 21/23] KVM: MMU: Disable fast path for private memslots Sean Christopherson
2024-05-10 13:50     ` Paolo Bonzini
2024-05-10 15:27       ` Michael Roth
2024-05-10 15:59         ` Sean Christopherson
2024-05-10 17:47           ` Isaku Yamahata

Reply instructions:

You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:

* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
  and reply-to-all from there: mbox

  Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style

* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
  switches of git-send-email(1):

  git send-email \
    --in-reply-to=20240501085210.2213060-6-michael.roth@amd.com \
    --to=michael.roth@amd.com \
    --cc=ak@linux.intel.com \
    --cc=alpergun@google.com \
    --cc=ardb@kernel.org \
    --cc=ashish.kalra@amd.com \
    --cc=bp@alien8.de \
    --cc=brijesh.singh@amd.com \
    --cc=dave.hansen@linux.intel.com \
    --cc=dovmurik@linux.ibm.com \
    --cc=hpa@zytor.com \
    --cc=jarkko@kernel.org \
    --cc=jmattson@google.com \
    --cc=jroedel@suse.de \
    --cc=kirill@shutemov.name \
    --cc=kvm@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=liam.merwick@oracle.com \
    --cc=linux-coco@lists.linux.dev \
    --cc=linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org \
    --cc=linux-mm@kvack.org \
    --cc=luto@kernel.org \
    --cc=mingo@redhat.com \
    --cc=nikunj.dadhania@amd.com \
    --cc=pankaj.gupta@amd.com \
    --cc=pbonzini@redhat.com \
    --cc=peterz@infradead.org \
    --cc=pgonda@google.com \
    --cc=rientjes@google.com \
    --cc=sathyanarayanan.kuppuswamy@linux.intel.com \
    --cc=seanjc@google.com \
    --cc=slp@redhat.com \
    --cc=srinivas.pandruvada@linux.intel.com \
    --cc=tglx@linutronix.de \
    --cc=thomas.lendacky@amd.com \
    --cc=tobin@ibm.com \
    --cc=tony.luck@intel.com \
    --cc=vbabka@suse.cz \
    --cc=vkuznets@redhat.com \
    --cc=x86@kernel.org \
    /path/to/YOUR_REPLY

  https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html

* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
  via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line before the message body.
This is a public inbox, see mirroring instructions
for how to clone and mirror all data and code used for this inbox;
as well as URLs for read-only IMAP folder(s) and NNTP newsgroup(s).