UNICORN_RAILS(1)                                      UNICORN_RAILS(1)

NAME

       unicorn_rails - unicorn launcher for Rails 1.x and 2.x users

SYNOPSIS

       unicorn_rails [-c CONFIG_FILE] [-E RAILS_ENV] [-D]
       [RACKUP_FILE]

DESCRIPTION

       A rackup(1)-like command to launch ancient Rails (2.x and
       earlier) applications using Unicorn.  Rails 3 (and later)
       support Rack natively, so users are encouraged to use
       unicorn(1) instead of unicorn_rails(1).

       It is expected to be started in your Rails application root
       (RAILS_ROOT), but the "working_directory" directive may be used
       in the CONFIG_FILE.

       The outward interface resembles rackup(1), the internals and
       default middleware loading is designed like the script/server
       command distributed with Rails.

       While Unicorn takes a myriad of command-line options for
       compatibility with ruby(1) and rackup(1), it is recommended to
       stick to the few command-line options specified in the SYNOPSIS
       and use the CONFIG_FILE as much as possible.

UNICORN OPTIONS

       -c, --config-file CONFIG_FILE
              Path to the Unicorn-specific config file.  The config
              file is implemented as a Ruby DSL, so Ruby code may
              executed.  See the RDoc/ri for the Unicorn::Configurator
              class for the full list of directives available from the
              DSL.  Using an absolute path for for CONFIG_FILE is
              recommended as it makes multiple instances of Unicorn
              easily distinguishable when viewing ps(1) output.

       -D, --daemonize
              Run daemonized in the background.  The process is
              detached from the controlling terminal and stdin is
              redirected to "/dev/null".  Unlike many common UNIX
              daemons, we do not chdir to "/" upon daemonization to
              allow more control over the startup/upgrade process.
              Unless specified in the CONFIG_FILE, stderr and stdout
              will also be redirected to "/dev/null".  Daemonization
              will skip loading of the Rails::Rack::LogTailer
              middleware under Rails >= 2.3.x.  By default,
              unicorn_rails(1) will create a PID file in
              "RAILS_ROOT/tmp/pids/unicorn.pid".  You may override
              this by specifying the "pid" directive to override this
              Unicorn config file.

       -E, --env RAILS_ENV
              Run under the given RAILS_ENV.  This sets the RAILS_ENV
              environment variable.  Acceptable values are exactly
              those you expect in your Rails application, typically
              "development" or "production".

       -l, --listen ADDRESS
              Listens on a given ADDRESS.  ADDRESS may be in the form
              of HOST:PORT or PATH, HOST:PORT is taken to mean a TCP
              socket and PATH is meant to be a path to a UNIX domain
              socket.  Defaults to "0.0.0.0:8080" (all addresses on
              TCP port 8080).  For production deployments, specifying
              the "listen" directive in CONFIG_FILE is recommended as
              it allows fine-tuning of socket options.

RACKUP COMPATIBILITY OPTIONS

       -o, --host HOST
              Listen on a TCP socket belonging to HOST, default is
              "0.0.0.0" (all addresses).  If specified multiple times
              on the command-line, only the last-specified value takes
              effect.  This option only exists for compatibility with
              the rackup(1) command, use of "-l"/"--listen" switch is
              recommended instead.

       -p, --port PORT
              Listen on the specified TCP PORT, default is 8080.  If
              specified multiple times on the command-line, only the
              last-specified value takes effect.  This option only
              exists for compatibility with the rackup(1) command, use
              of "-l"/"--listen" switch is recommended instead.

       --path PATH
              Mounts the Rails application at the given PATH (instead
              of "/").  This is equivalent to setting the
              RAILS_RELATIVE_URL_ROOT environment variable.  This is
              only supported under Rails 2.3 or later at the moment.

RUBY OPTIONS

       -e, --eval LINE
              Evaluate a LINE of Ruby code.  This evaluation happens
              immediately as the command-line is being parsed.

       -d, --debug
              Turn on debug mode, the $DEBUG variable is set to true.
              For Rails >= 2.3.x, this loads the Rails::Rack::Debugger
              middleware.

       -w, --warn
              Turn on verbose warnings, the $VERBOSE variable is set
              to true.

       -I, --include PATH
              specify $LOAD_PATH.  PATH will be prepended to
              $LOAD_PATH.  The ':' character may be used to delimit
              multiple directories.  This directive may be used more
              than once.  Modifications to $LOAD_PATH take place
              immediately and in the order they were specified on the
              command-line.

       -r, --require LIBRARY
              require a specified LIBRARY before executing the
              application.  The "require" statement will be executed
              immediately and in the order they were specified on the
              command-line.

RACKUP FILE

       This defaults to "config.ru" in RAILS_ROOT.  It should be the
       same file used by rackup(1) and other Rack launchers, it uses
       the Rack::Builder DSL.  Unlike many other Rack applications,
       RACKUP_FILE is completely optional for Rails, but may be used
       to disable some of the default middleware for performance.

       Embedded command-line options are mostly parsed for
       compatibility with rackup(1) but strongly discouraged.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

       The RAILS_ENV variable is set by the aforementioned -E switch.
       The RAILS_RELATIVE_URL_ROOT is set by the aforementioned --path
       switch.  Either of these variables may also be set in the shell
       or the Unicorn CONFIG_FILE.  All application or
       library-specific environment variables (e.g. TMPDIR,
       RAILS_ASSET_ID) may always be set in the Unicorn CONFIG_FILE in
       addition to the spawning shell.  When transparently upgrading
       Unicorn, all environment variables set in the old master
       process are inherited by the new master process.  Unicorn only
       uses (and will overwrite) the UNICORN_FD environment variable
       internally when doing transparent upgrades.

SIGNALS

       The following UNIX signals may be sent to the master process:

       • HUP - reload config file, app, and gracefully restart all
         workers

       • INT/TERM - quick shutdown, kills all workers immediately

       • QUIT - graceful shutdown, waits for workers to finish their
         current request before finishing.

       • USR1 - reopen all logs owned by the master and all workers
         See Unicorn::Util.reopen_logs for what is considered a log.

       • USR2 - reexecute the running binary.  A separate QUIT should
         be sent to the original process once the child is verified to
         be up and running.

       • WINCH - gracefully stops workers but keep the master running.
         This will only work for daemonized processes.

       • TTIN - increment the number of worker processes by one

       • TTOU - decrement the number of worker processes by one

       See the SIGNALS (https://yhbt.net/unicorn/SIGNALS.html)
       document for full description of all signals used by Unicorn.

SEE ALSO

       • unicorn(1)

       • Rack::Builder ri/RDoc

       • Unicorn::Configurator ri/RDoc
         ⟨https://yhbt.net/unicorn/Unicorn/Configurator.html⟩

       • unicorn RDoc ⟨https://yhbt.net/unicorn/⟩

       • Rack RDoc ⟨https://www.rubydoc.info/github/rack/rack/⟩

       • Rackup HowTo
         ⟨https://github.com/rack/rack/wiki/(tutorial)-rackup-howto⟩

AUTHORS

       The Unicorn Community <unicorn-public@yhbt.net>.

Unicorn User Manual       September 17, 2009          UNICORN_RAILS(1)

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